这个不起眼的小山丘，位在与美国加州著名的酒乡那帕（Napa）仅一山之隔的索诺马（Sonoma）。像周围大部份的土地一样，这个小山丘如今也 是爬满了葡萄藤，但在上世纪 90 年代初期这地方曾经因为受到一种吃葡萄藤的害虫（Phylloxera bug）感染，因此不得不把所有的葡萄藤拔掉，让土地休耕了数年。

这个小山丘位在 12/121 公路旁（同一条公路两个名字），是摄影师 Charles O'Rear 每天回家必经之路。在一个一月的早晨，地面上的青草刚经过了一个月雨水的的浇灌而显得娇翠欲滴，刚放晴的天空还有几片不规则的积云。这个景像和摄影师的本 能，让 Charles 不顾公路上繁忙的交通，直接停在路边掏出他的中幅相机，拍下一张数千万乃至数亿人都见过的照片。猜出是哪一张了吗 ;)

Google Street View

蓝天白云自 Windows 95 以来就是 Windows 的主轴，绿色的草地和 Windows 的预设主题则分外搭配，同时占去了半个画面的「地面」让人有一种想要穿过屏幕，在草地上打滚的感觉。

可惜这个影像只有在 Windows 里才看得到了。当微软从 Charles 手中买下照片时，小山丘上已经种回了葡萄，许多按图索骥，寻找这梦幻美景的人，也只能找到上图那种满了葡萄的小山丘。

• 引用来源
• 由 Andy Yang 于 engadget

1. The actor
2. The system
3. The functional goal, that the actor achieves using the system, the reason for using the system. (The goal must be value to the actor.)

1. Building something the user was expecting to get, but building it wrong.
2. Building something the user wasn't expecting to get.

1. Make sure you've got the right kind of relationship:<<include>> means always included, but  <<extend>> means conditionally included.
2. Make sure you've got the arrows going the right way. <<include>> should point towards the use case being included. <<extend>> should point towards the use case(s) being extended (and not the extending use case).
   

1. Identify your actors: who will be using the system?
2. Identify their goals: what will they be using the system to do?
3. Identify key scenarios: in trying to achieve a specific goal, what distinct outcomes or workflows might we need to consider?
4. Describe in business terms the interactions between the actors and the system for a specific scenario
5. Create a UI prototype that clearly communicates the scenario to technical and non-technical stakeholders
6. Do a hgh-level OO design for the scenario
7. Implement the design in code
8. Get feedback from your user, ideally through structured acceptance testing
9. Move on to the next scenario or use case (rinse and repeat)

MATLAB Toolboxes

top Audio - Astronomy - BioMedicalInformatics - Chemometrics - Chaos - Chemistry - Coding - Control - Communications - Engineering - Excel - FEM - Finance - GAs - Graphics - Images - ICA - Kernel - Markov - Medical - MIDI - Misc. - MPI - NNets - Oceanography - Optimization - Plot - Signal Processing - Optimization - Statistics - SVM - etc ...


New

ZSM (zero sum multinomial)
http://mcgillb.user.msu.edu/zsmcode.html


Binaural-modeling software for MATLAB/Windows
http://www.lifesci.sussex.ac.uk/home/Michael_Akeroyd/download2.html


Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM)
http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/ext/


BOOTSTRAP MATLAB TOOLBOX
http://www.csp.curtin.edu.au/downloads/bootstrap_toolbox.html


The DSS package for MATLAB
DSS Matlab package contains algorithms for performing linear, deflation and symmetric DSS.
http://www.cis.hut.fi/projects/dss/package/

Psychtoolbox
http://www.psychtoolbox.org/download.html

Multisurface Method Tree with MATLAB
http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~olvi/uwmp/msmt.html

A Matlab Toolbox for every single topic !
http://stommel.tamu.edu/~baum/toolboxes.html
eg. BrainStorm - MEG and EEG data visualization and processing

CLAWPACK is a software package designed to compute numerical solutions to hyperbolic partial differential equations using a wave propagation approach
http://www.amath.washington.edu/~claw/

DIPimage - Image Processing Toolbox

PRTools - Pattern Recognition Toolbox (+ Neural Networks)

NetLab - Neural Network Toolbox

FSTB - Fuzzy Systems Toolbox

Fusetool - Image Fusion Toolbox
http://www.metapix.de/toolbox.htm

WAVEKIT - Wavelet Toolbox

Gat - Genetic Algorithm Toolbox

TSTOOL is a MATLAB software package for nonlinear time series analysis.
TSTOOL can be used for computing: Time-delay reconstruction, Lyapunov exponents, Fractal dimensions, Mutual information, Surrogate data tests, Nearest neighbor statistics, Return times, Poincare sections, Nonlinear prediction
http://www.physik3.gwdg.de/tstool/

MATLAB / Data description toolbox
A Matlab toolbox for data description, outlier and novelty detection
March 26, 2004 - D.M.J. Tax
http://www-ict.ewi.tudelft.nl/~davidt/dd_tools/dd_manual.html

MBE
http://www.pmarneffei.hku.hk/mbetoolbox/

Betabolic network toolbox for Matlab
http://www.molgen.mpg.de/~lieberme/pages/network_matlab.html

Pharmacokinetics toolbox for Matlab
http://page.inf.fu-berlin.de/~lieber/seiten/pbpk_toolbox.html

The Spider
The spider is intended to be a complete object orientated environment for machine learning in Matlab. Aside from easy use of base learning algorithms, algorithms can be plugged together and can be compared with, e.g model selection, statistical tests and visual plots. This gives all the power of objects (reusability, plug together, share code) but also all the power of Matlab for machine learning research.
http://www.kyb.tuebingen.mpg.de/bs/people/spider/index.html

Schwarz-Christoffel Toolbox
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadFile.do?objectId=1316&objectType=file#


XML Toolbox
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadFile.do?objectId=4278&objectType=file

FIR/TDNN Toolbox for MATLAB
Beta version of a toolbox for FIR (Finite Impulse Response) and TD (Time Delay) Neural Networks.
http://www.cs.utep.edu/interval-comp/dagstuhl.03/oish.pdf

Misc.

http://www.dcsc.tudelft.nl/Research/Software/index.html

Astronomy

Saturn and Titan trajectories ... MALTAB astronomy
http://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/~abrecht/Matlab-codes/


Audio

MA Toolbox for Matlab Implementing Similarity Measures for Audio
http://www.oefai.at/~elias/ma/index.html

MAD - Matlab Auditory Demonstrations
http://www.dcs.shef.ac.uk/~martin/MAD/docs/mad.htm


Music Analysis - Toolbox for Matlab : Feature Extraction from Raw Audio Signals for Content-Based Music Retrieval
http://www.ai.univie.ac.at/~elias/ma/


WarpTB - Matlab Toolbox for Warped DSP
By Aki Härmä and Matti Karjalainen
http://www.acoustics.hut.fi/software/warp/


MATLAB-related Software
http://www.dpmi.tu-graz.ac.at/~schloegl/matlab/


Biomedical Signal data formats (EEG machine specific file formats with Matlab import routines)
http://www.dpmi.tu-graz.ac.at/~schloegl/matlab/eeg/


MPEG Encoding library for MATLAB Movies (Created by David Foti)
It enables MATLAB users to read (MPGREAD) or write (MPGWRITE) MPEG movies. That should help Video Quality project.


Filter Design package
http://www.ee.ryerson.ca:8080/~mzeytin/dfp/index.html


Octave by Christophe COUVREUR (Generates normalized A-weigthing, C-weighting, octave and one-third-octave digital filters)
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadFile.do?objectType=file&objectId=69


Source Coding MATLAB Toolbox
http://www.ece.umn.edu/users/kieffer/programs.html


Bio Medical Informatics (Top)

CGH-Plotter: MATLAB Toolbox for CGH-data Analysis
Code: http://sigwww.cs.tut.fi/TICSP/CGH-Plotter/
Poster: http://sigwww.cs.tut.fi/TICSP/CSB2003/Posteri_CGH_Plotter.pdf


The Brain Imaging Software Toolbox
http://www.bic.mni.mcgill.ca/software/


MRI Brain Segmentation
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadFile.do?objectId=4879


Chemometrics (providing PCA) (Top)

Matlab Molecular Biology & Evolution Toolbox
(Toolbox Enables Evolutionary Biologists to Analyze and View DNA and Protein Sequences)
James J. Cai
http://www.pmarneffei.hku.hk/mbetoolbox/


Toolbox provided by Prof. Massart research group
http://minf.vub.ac.be/~fabi/publiek/


Useful collection of routines from Prof age smilde research group
http://www-its.chem.uva.nl/research/pac


Multivariate Toolbox written by Rune Mathisen
http://www.bitjungle.com/~mvartools/index.html


Matlab code and datasets
http://www.acc.umu.se/~tnkjtg/chemometrics/dataset.html


Chaos (Top)

Chaotic Systems Toolbox
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadFile.do?objectId=1597&objectType=file#


HOSA Toolbox
http://www.mathworks.nl/matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadFile.do?objectId=3013&objectType=file


Chemistry (Top)

MetMAP - (Metabolical Modeling, Analysis and oPtimization alias Met. M. A. P.)
http://webpages.ull.es/users/sympbst/pag_ing/pag_metmap/index.htm


DoseLab - A set of software programs for quantitative comparison of measured and computed radiation dose distributions
http://doselab.sourceforge.net


GenBank Overview
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Genbank/GenbankOverview.html
Matlab: http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadFile.do?objectId=1139


Coding

Code for the estimation of Scaling Exponents
http://www.cubinlab.ee.mu.oz.au/~darryl/secondorder_code.html


Control (Top)

Control Tutorial for Matlab
http://www.engin.umich.edu/group/ctm/


Another

Communications (Top)

Channel Learning Architecture toolbox
(This Matlab toolbox is a supplement to the article "HiperLearn: A High Performance Learning Architecture")
http://www.isy.liu.se/cvl/Projects/hiperlearn/


Source Coding MATLAB Toolbox
http://www.ece.umn.edu/users/kieffer/programs.html


TCP/UDP/IP Toolbox 2.0.4
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadFile.do?objectId=345&objectType=file


Home Networking Basis: Transmission Environments and Wired/Wireless Protocols
Walter Y. Chen
http://www.mathworks.com/support/books/book5295.jsp?category=new&language=-1

MATLAB M-files and Simulink models
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadFile.do?objectId=3834&objectType=file


Engineering (Top)

OPNML/MATLAB Facilities
http://www.opnml.unc.edu/OPNML_Matlab/


Mesh Generation
http://www.cs.cornell.edu/home/vavasis/qmg-home.html


OpenFEM : An Open-Source Finite Element Toolbox
http://www.openfem.net/


CALFEM is an interactive computer program for teaching the finite element method (FEM)
http://www.byggmek.lth.se/Calfem/frinfo.htm


The Engineering Vibration Toolbox
http://www.cs.wright.edu/people/faculty/jslater/vtoolbox/vtoolbox.html


SaGA - Spatial and Geometric Analysis Toolbox
by Kirill K. Pankratov
http://puddle.mit.edu/~glenn/kirill/saga.html


MexCDF and NetCDF Toolbox For Matlab-5&6
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/staffpages/cdenham/public_html/MexCDF/nc4ml5.html


CUEDSID: Cambridge University System Identification Toolbox
http://www-control.eng.cam.ac.uk/jmm/cuedsid/


Kriging Toolbox
http://www.ai-geostats.org/software/Geostats_software/MATLAB_KRIGING_TOOLBOX.htm


Monte Carlo (Dr Nando)
http://www.cs.ubc.ca/~nando/software.html


RIOTS - The Most Powerful Optimal Control Problem Solver
http://blank.hypersurf.com/~adam/RIOTS/


Excel

MATLAB xlsheets
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadFile.do?objectId=4474&objectType=file

write2excel
http://www.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadFile.do?objectId=4414&objectType=file

Finite Element Modeling (FEM) (Top)

OpenFEM - An Open-Source Finite Element Toolbox
http://www.openfem.net/


NLFET - nonlinear finite element toolbox for MATLAB ( framework for setting up, solving, and interpreting results for nonlinear static and dynamic finite element analysis.)
http://nlfet.sourceforge.net/


GetFEM - C++ library for finite element methods elementary computations with a Matlab interface
http://www.gmm.insa-tlse.fr/getfem/


FELIPE - FEA package to view results ( contains neat interface to MATLA
http://www.brunel.ac.uk/~blstmbr/felipe/


Finance (Top)

A NEW MATLAB-BASED TOOLBOX FOR COMPUTER AIDED DYNAMIC TECHNICAL TRADING
Stephanos Papadamou and George Stephanides
Department of Applied Informatics, University Of Macedonia Economic & Social Sciences, Thessaloniki, Greece
http://www.fenews.com/fen31/one_time_articles/dynamic_tech_trade_matlab6.htm
Paper: http://econwpa.wustl.edu:8089/eps/prog/papers/0201/0201001.pdf


CompEcon Toolbox for Matlab
http://www4.ncsu.edu/~pfackler/compecon/toolbox.html


Genetic Algorithms (Top)

The Genetic Algorithm Optimization Toolbox (GAOT) for Matlab 5
http://www.ie.ncsu.edu/mirage/GAToolBox/gaot/


Genetic Algorithm Toolbox
Written & distributed by Andy Chipperfield (Sheffield University, UK)
http://www.shef.ac.uk/uni/projects/gaipp/gatbx.html
Manual: http://www.shef.ac.uk/~gaipp/ga-toolbox/manual.pdf


Genetic and Evolutionary Algorithm Toolbox (GEATbx)
http://www.geatbx.com


Evolutionary Algorithms for MATLAB
http://www.geatbx.com/links/ea_matlab.html


Genetic/Evolutionary Algorithms for MATLAB
http://www.systemtechnik.tu-ilmenau.de/~pohlheim/EA_Matlab/ea_matlab.html


Graphics

VideoToolbox (C routines for visual psychophysics on Macs by Denis Pelli)
http://vision.nyu.edu/VideoToolbox/
Paper: http://psych.nyu.edu/pelli/pubs/pelli1997videotoolbox.pdf

4D toolbox
http://www.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu/~daniel/links/matlab/4DToolbox.html

Images (Top)

Eyelink Toolbox
http://psychtoolbox.org/eyelinktoolbox/
Paper: http://psychtoolbox.org/eyelinktoolbox/EyelinkToolbox.pdf


CellStats: Automated statistical analysis of color-stained cell images in Matlab
http://sigwww.cs.tut.fi/TICSP/CellStats/


SDC Morphology Toolbox for MATLAB (powerful collection of latest state-of-the-art gray-scale morphological tools that can be applied to image segmentation, non-linear filtering, pattern recognition and image analysis)
http://www.mmorph.com/


Image Acquisition Toolbox
http://www.mathworks.com/products/imaq/


Halftoning Toolbox for MATLAB
http://www.ece.utexas.edu/~bevans/projects/halftoning/toolbox/index.html


DIPimage - A Scientific Image Processing Toolbox for MATLAB
http://www.ph.tn.tudelft.nl/DIPlib/dipimage_1.html


PNM Toolbox
http://home.online.no/~pjacklam/matlab/software/pnm/index.html


Another

ICA / KICA and KPCA (Top)

ICA TU Toolbox
http://mole.imm.dtu.dk/toolbox/menu.html


MISEP Linear and Nonlinear ICA Toolbox
http://neural.inesc-id.pt/~lba/ica/mitoolbox.html


Kernel Independant Component Analysis
http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~fbach/kernel-ica/index.htm
Matlab: kernel-ica version 1.2


KPCA- Please check the software section of kernel machines.

Kernel

Statistical Pattern Recognition Toolbox
http://cmp.felk.cvut.cz/~xfrancv/stprtool/


MATLABArsenal A MATLAB Wrapper for Classification
http://finalfantasyxi.inf.cs.cmu.edu/tmp/MATLABArsenal.htm

Markov (Top)

MapHMMBOX 1.1 - Matlab toolbox for Hidden Markov Modelling using Max. Aposteriori EM
Prerequisites: Matlab 5.0, Netlab. Last Updated: 18 March 2002.
http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~parg/software/maphmmbox_1_1.tar

HMMBOX 4.1 - Matlab toolbox for Hidden Markov Modelling using Variational Bayes
Prerequisites: Matlab 5.0,Netlab. Last Updated: 15 February 2002..
http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~parg/software/hmmbox_3_2.tar
http://www.robots.ox.ac.uk/~parg/software/hmmbox_4_1.tar

Markov Decision Process (MDP) Toolbox for Matlab
Kevin Murphy, 1999
http://www.ai.mit.edu/~murphyk/Software/MDP/MDP.zip


Markov Decision Process (MDP) Toolbox v1.0 for MATLAB
http://www.inra.fr/bia/T/MDPtoolbox/


Hidden Markov Model (HMM) Toolbox for Matlab
http://www.ai.mit.edu/~murphyk/Software/HMM/hmm.html


Bayes Net Toolbox for Matlab
http://www.ai.mit.edu/~murphyk/Software/BNT/bnt.html

Medical (Top)

EEGLAB Open Source Matlab Toolbox for Physiological Research (formerly ICA/EEG Matlab toolbox)
http://www.sccn.ucsd.edu/~scott/ica.html

MATLAB Biomedical Signal Processing Toolbox
http://bsp.pdx.edu/Toolbox/


Powerful package for neurophysiological data analysis ( Igor Kagan webpage)
http://igoresha.virtualave.net/Matlab/Unitret.html


EEG / MRI Matlab Toolbox
http://eeg.sourceforge.net/


Microarray data analysis toolbox (MDAT): for normalization, adjustment and analysis of gene expression data.
Knowlton N, Dozmorov IM, Centola M. Department of Arthritis and Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, USA 73104. We introduce a novel Matlab toolbox for microarray data analysis. This toolbox uses normalization based upon a normally distributed background and differential gene expression based on 5 statistical measures. The objects in this toolbox are open source and can be implemented to suit your application. AVAILABILITY: MDAT v1.0 is a Matlab toolbox and requires Matlab to run. MDAT is freely available at:
http://microarray.omrf.org/publications/2004/knowlton/MDAT.zip

MIDI (Top)

MIDI Toolbox version 1.0 (GNU General Public License)
http://www.jyu.fi/musica/miditoolbox/


Misc. (Top)

MATLAB-The Graphing Tool
http://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/~abrecht/matlab.html


3-D Circuits The Circuit Animation Toolbox for MATLAB
http://engineering.dartmouth.edu/other/3Dcircuits/

SendMail
http://carol.wins.uva.nl/~portegie/matlab/sendmail/


Coolplot
http://www.reimeika.ca/marco/matlab/coolplots.html


MPI (Matlab Parallel Interface)

Cornell Multitask Toolbox for MATLAB
http://www.tc.cornell.edu/Services/Software/CMTM/


Beolab Toolbox for v6.5
Thomas Abrahamsson (Professor, Chalmers University of Technology, Applied Mechanics, Göteborg, Sweden)
http://www.mathworks.nl/matlabcentral/fileexchange/loadFile.do?objectId=1216&objectType=file


PARMATLAB


Neural Networks (Top)

SOM Toolbox
http://www.cis.hut.fi/projects/somtoolbox/


Bayes Net Toolbox for Matlab
http://www.ai.mit.edu/~murphyk/Software/BNT/bnt.html


NetLab
http://www.ncrg.aston.ac.uk/netlab/


Random Neural Networks
http://www.cs.ucf.edu/~ahossam/rnnsimv2/
ftp: ftp://ftp.mathworks.com/pub/contrib/v5/nnet/rnnsimv2/


NNSYSID Toolbox (tools for neural network based identification of nonlinear dynamic systems)
http://www.iau.dtu.dk/research/control/nnsysid.html


Oceanography (Top)

WAFO. Wave Analysis for Fatigue and Oceanography
http://www.maths.lth.se/matstat/wafo/

ADCP toolbox for MATLAB (USGS, USA)
Presented at the Hydroacoustics Workshop in Tampa and at ADCP's in Action in San Diego
http://woodshole.er.usgs.gov/operations/stg/pubs/ADCPtools


SEA-MAT - Matlab Tools for Oceanographic Analysis
A collaborative effort to organize and distribute Matlab tools for the Oceanographic Community
http://sea-mat.whoi.edu/


Ocean Toolbox
http://www.mar.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/science/ocean/epsonde/programming.html


EUGENE D. GALLAGHER
(Associate Professor, Environmental, Coastal & Ocean Sciences)
http://www.es.umb.edu/edgwebp.htm


Optimization (Top)

MODCONS - a MATLAB Toolbox for Multi-Objective Control System Design
http://www.eee.kcl.ac.uk/mecheng/jfw/modcons.html

Lazy Learning Package
http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~lazy/


SDPT3 version 3.02 -- a MATLAB software for semidefinite-quadratic-linear programming
http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/~mattohkc/sdpt3.html


Minimum Enclosing Balls: Matlab Code
http://www.compgeom.com/meb/


SOSTOOLS Sum of Squares Optimization Toolbox for MATLAB User’s guide
http://www.cds.caltech.edu/sostools/sostools.pdf


PSOt - a Particle Swarm Optimization Toolbox for use with Matlab
By Brian Birge ... A Particle Swarm Optimization Toolbox (PSOt) for use with the Matlab scientific programming environment has been developed. PSO is
introduced briefly and then the use of the toolbox is explained with some examples. A link to downloadable code is provided.


Plot

http://globec.whoi.edu/software/plotting/gbplot/


Signal Processing (Top)

Filter Design with Motorola DSP56K
http://www.ee.ryerson.ca:8080/~mzeytin/dfp/index.html


Change Detection and Adaptive Filtering Toolbox
http://www.sigmoid.se/


Signal Processing Toolbox
http://www.mathworks.com/products/signal/


ICA TU Toolbox
http://mole.imm.dtu.dk/toolbox/menu.html

Time-Frequency Toolbox for Matlab
http://crttsn.univ-nantes.fr/~auger/tftb.html


VoiceBox - Speech Processing Toolbox
http://www.ee.ic.ac.uk/hp/staff/dmb/voicebox/voicebox.html


Least Squared - Support Vector Machines (LS-SVM)
http://www.esat.kuleuven.ac.be/sista/lssvmlab/


WaveLab802 : the Wavelet Toolbox
By David Donoho, Mark Reynold Duncan, Xiaoming Huo, Ofer Levi
http://www-stat.stanford.edu/~wavelab/


Time-series Matlab scripts
http://wise-obs.tau.ac.il/~eran/MATLAB/TimeseriesCon.html


Uvi_Wave Wavelet Toolbox Home Page
http://www.gts.tsc.uvigo.es/~wavelets/index.html


Another

Support Vector Machine (Top)

MATLAB Support Vector Machine Toolbox
Dr Gavin Cawley
School of Information Systems, University of East Anglia
http://theoval.sys.uea.ac.uk/~gcc/svm/toolbox/


LS-SVM - SISTA


SVM toolboxes
http://www.cs.wisc.edu/dmi/svm/


LSVM Lagrangian Support Vector Machine
http://www.cs.wisc.edu/dmi/lsvm/


Statistics (Top)

Logistic regression
http://www.spatial-econometrics.com/

SAGA
http://globec.whoi.edu/software/saga/

Multi-Parametric Toolbox (MPT) A tool (not only) for multi-parametric optimization.
http://control.ee.ethz.ch/~mpt/

ARfit: A Matlab package for the estimation of parameters and eigenmodes of multivariate autoregressive models
http://www.mat.univie.ac.at/~neum/software/arfit/

The Dimensional Analysis Toolbox for MATLAB
Home: http://www.sbrs.de/
Paper: http://www.isd.uni-stuttgart.de/~brueckner/Papers/similarity2002.pdf


FATHOM for Matlab
http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/personal/djones/

PLS-toolbox
http://www.eigenvector.com

Multivariate analysis toolbox (N-way Toolbox - paper)
http://www.models.kvl.dk/source/nwaytoolbox/index.asp

Classification Toolbox for Matlab
http://tiger.technion.ac.il/~eladyt/classification/index.htm

Matlab toolbox for Robust Calibration
http://www.wis.kuleuven.ac.be/stat/robust/toolbox.html

Statistical Parametric Mapping
http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/spm2.html

EVIM: A Software Package for Extreme Value Analysis in Matlab
by Ramazan Gençay, Faruk Selcuk and Abdurrahman Ulugulyagci, 2001.
Manual (pdf file) evim.pdf - Software (zip file) evim.zip

Time Series Analysis
http://www.dpmi.tu-graz.ac.at/~schloegl/matlab/tsa/

Bayes Net Toolbox for Matlab
Written by Kevin Murphy
http://www.ai.mit.edu/~murphyk/Software/BNT/bnt.html
Other: http://www.isp.pitt.edu/information/toolboxes.html

ARfit: A Matlab package for the estimation of parameters and eigenmodes of multivariate autoregressive models
http://www.gps.caltech.edu/~tapio/arfit/


M-Fit
http://www.ill.fr/tas/matlab/doc/mfit4/mfit.html


Dimensional Analysis Toolbox for Matlab
http://www.sbrs.net/


The NaN-toolbox: A statistic-toolbox for Octave and Matlab®
... handles data with and without MISSING VALUES.
http://www-dpmi.tu-graz.ac.at/~schloegl/matlab/NaN/


Iterative Methods for Optimization: Matlab Codes
http://www4.ncsu.edu/~ctk/matlab_darts.html


Multiscale Shape Analysis (MSA) Matlab Toolbox 2000
http://www.vision.ime.usp.br/~cesar/projects/multiscale/


Multivariate Ecological & Oceanographic Data Analysis (FATHOM)
From David Jones
http://www.rsmas.miami.edu/personal/djones/


glmlab (Generalized Linear Models in MATLA
http://www.sci.usq.edu.au/staff/dunn/glmlab/glmlab.html


Spacial and Geometric Analysis (SaGA) toolbox


Interesting audio links with FAQ, VC++, on the topic




MATLAB Toolboxes

A. Substance

1. Beware of the "straw man" argument
2. Never say, "No one has ever looked at this, so I did..."
3. Never say, "this is interesting"
4. Never talk at the level of methods in your introduction (e.g., variables, measures, factors)
5. Do not write papers for academics; better to write for your grandmother
6. Introductions are the hardest to write: inverted triangle model: funnel
7. Your study should be totally motivated from your introduction
8. Avoid using the expression, "Research has found" or "studies have shown" (if you delete this, the sentence sounds much better)

B. Style

1. It is a fallacy that you should leave some obvious things wrong or incomplete in the paper so as to give the reviewer/reader something to criticize
2. Most people accept or reject a paper in the first 5 pages and then look for evidence in a confirmatory manner
3. Use active voice!
4. Edit! Edit! Edit! (e.g., cut all phrases such as, "in order to"; cut all boilerplate sentences (e.g., "in today's society")

C. Chapter-writing

1. Seize most opportunities to write chapters (let profs know you are happy to do most of work/editing/lit review, etc.)
2. In general, do not write about details of studies/empirical work
3. Develop a framework, model and write around that model

D. Submissions

1. Theory or empirical?
2. Premier or specialized?

E. Responding to:

1. Out and out rejections
2. Discouraging revise and resubmits
3. Encouraging revise and resubmits

F. Action items for you to take now

1. Write down every idea you have in a logbook or journal
2. Write every paper with the intention/expectation it will be published
3. Ask other people to read and comment upon your work (in return, you should do the same)
4. When you ask someone to read/comment or they ask you, ask for the date at which it will be no longer useful for them/you
5. Think in terms of always having 1 paper under review at all times
6. Think in terms of always working on at least 1 empirical (data) paper and at least one theory/conceptual paper at all times

 该转帖仅你自己可见

 该转帖你的好友都能看见

热水瓶：偶遇一个上中的小朋友发给我的，好几个老师都曾教过我们哒~~~

不好意思啊 只能提到30人，所以有很多同学没添上~~~

没想到还有张梅娜~~~哈哈哈

Chaojun:其实我们那时经典的更多。

※胡宝忠——
"这个三角形要爆了！"

"这道题我不算了，我一算肯定出错，我出错不要紧，我不要高考的~"

"苦药苦出好的结果，否则你们要变成苦瓜了！"

"琴房是用来'弹琴'的，不是用来'谈情'的。"

"你们不要睡了，你们睡着了，我也要睡着了。"

（在讲学农注意事项时说：）"下面第九题……"（本意是第九条）

※龚莲——
"选择题要扣掉几十分的人嘛，大势已去！"（作豪放状）

※吴世联——
"XX班步伐整齐，精神面貌表现突出，予以表扬。"

"三步一呼气，三步吸气，热了就把衣襟敞开，防止内衣汗湿。"

"请还在寝室楼的同学加快速度，早操马上就要开始了……请迟到的同学到迟到席。"

"表扬——高二一班；表扬高二三班；表扬高二二班——女同学。"

※沈中——
人格魅力超巨大，从一道物理题引申到人体力学，并当场演示人是怎样走路的。

"两只麻雀站在两根电压不同的电线杆上kiss，后来——触电了！这是因为电势不同，产生电流……"

※树骍——
"你们做梦好了，做到六月份，天上掉下来个570，想去哪里就去哪里。"

"把中英文转换器开开来！"

"这道题啊……背出来行了。"

"这种题目啊，旁边上海小学也会做的。"

"这种题目都做错啊，你好去考工技大了，长桥菜场买块豆腐去吧。"

※周奕——
（第一次生物实验课）"大家随便坐哦，有些同学要把握机会。"

"很久很久以前，有个大细胞，吃掉了一个小细胞，正要消化，小细胞说：'慢！'……"

"双胞胎是很有技术含量的。"

"贾宝玉对林黛玉说:'你们女人是用水做的，我们男人是用泥做的。'林黛玉如果有点生物知识的话就会说:'No no no！我们女人是用油做的！'（惊恐状）"

※吕宝兴——
总是抄完题目就问答案……

"修养胜过一切。"

"必要条件就是没有一定会死，有了不一定活的条件。"

"和金子在一起也会发光。"

"这道题目不是人做的，做出来的都不是人…….是神。"

"外面的野书上说……"

"注意区分'死鱼眼'和'熊猫眼'。"（关于数轴上的点能否取到）

"这道题目就这么解就可以了嘛，不知道很多同学满世界动什么坏脑筋……"

"这个题目要做错也蛮不容易的哦。"

"消元代替、参数方程很不符合中国人的处事原则，总是喜欢过河拆桥。"

"把X除下来，跳楼法。"

"向量要记住盯屁股法则。"

（指着自己写的东西说）"这个人写错了。"

※冯志刚——
"大象无形，大音唏声。"

※张美红——
上课字越写越大到夸张的地步时说："一个人的字有多大，他的心就有多大。"

※王来君——
"我们的想法是……这个问题不大的。"

"当你们感到时间不够用的时候你就进步了。"

"春去秋来，春去秋又来，待春去秋再来。"

"有些同学做题喜欢跳步骤，做对也就算了，就怕跳啊跳啊跳到沟里了。"

（翌日，上课见一同学靠在墙上记笔记，问：）"为什么用这种姿势呢？"突然自问自答大悟微笑道："哦，原来是对墙有种依恋啊！"

※张建国——

"高考的时候甩别的学校几条马路！"

"每次写到下课刚好把黑板写满。" （作得意状）

"这种题目，连做上中周周练的第一道的资格都没有。"

"碰到这种题目，最好的方法是什么？——放弃！"

"高考的时候要有阿Q精神，你要想，你是上中的呀，你不会做么，我估计整个上海滩上也没有几个人做得出来了。"

※何建军——
可以把刘翔跨栏说成刘栏跨翔。

"高三（10）村"

"我就是很专攻的。"

"马英九怎么可能比我帅呢？"

（温柔无限）"淘汰制让你们像一匹奔跑的马，屁股上烧着辣椒油。"

※沈伯龙——
“同学们！我们要杜绝不扣分，取消零扣分！相信通过同学们的努力，零扣分的局面在我们班级一定能够结束！Nia！”

“同学们！我们班已经扣了3分了！我三天三夜没睡觉……”

“上中的纪律就是高压线，谁碰谁触电！……叫你们不不不不不要碰，触触触触触触电了伐！Nia！”

“大扫除要开始了！同学们！我已经准备好了，你们准备好了伐！！”（手里杖着一根超长的鸡毛掸子）

“老师，这道题目为什么选C？”

 ——“Nia！同学们有问题不要紧，我们一起解决！就这道题目而言，瑟资浪似（实质上是）：A这个选项不符合题意，它不明确，B呢，本身就不对，D呢，在这道题目里是不成立的！所以C正确！Nia！没关系的！大家一起讨论，Nia！~”（缩句：A不对，B不对，D不对，所以C对）……“

“我们来看这个题目：推断题，ABCDE 5种物质，A和B沉淀，Nia~来了伐！沉淀了伐！诺！C和D好过去了伐！Nia！ E对了伐！Nia！”

“同学们！二氧化碳是则线型还是则线型（直线型还是折线型），鉴于同学们资瑟点（知识点）有限，不宜钻（第3声：展开）开！”

“老师，磷化氢什么味道啊？”——“恶臭！要多臭有多臭！”

※范飙——
他的思路跟不上他的步伐，通常在办公室门口叫他"老师好"，他会到男厕所门口再回你一句"你好"。

※吴立人——
"人的生活便是对资源的浪费。"

"人活着没意思，生小孩才有意思。"

"你们的任务是什么？生小孩！生好小孩，理论上来说就可以去死了！"

"我提倡的择偶标准就是——茫茫人海寻杂种！"

"红绿色盲不能干什么？不能炒股票！"

"你要杀人，把人杀掉干什么啦？你也要坐牢的呀，教你们一个办法，往他喝的水里面打点性激素进去。"

"所谓的'丁克'是极端自私不负责任的，是对不起国家的。"

"拍电视剧的时候，导演说'下雪了！'，哗——尿素倒下来了……"

（吴立人劲爆民防课~）

“什么课都可以不学，民防课一定要学！”

说道如何在地震时自救——

“平时就要准备好，可以拿个塑料袋，装点饼干，矿泉水，无线电放在最容易拿的地方。注意，电池要记得更换，饼干要买压缩饼干，不容易坏啊。”

“地震死人，那是渴死的多，万一被困，为了生还，只好喝XX。这也是有讲究的，一要趁热，二要新鲜！”

又提到火灾自救——

“这里就教大家一个我独创的逃生办法，火灾，万不得已，只好跳楼。”哄笑。

“你们不要笑，跳楼是有讲究的，拿晾衣服的竹竿，一头绑一袋米，人抱住米，跳下去，就不会头着地了。最多是脚骨折一下。”

某同学报选题，想研究足球场草皮生长比较。跑到吴立人那里，结果他说：“研究草皮多没劲啊，种种鸡毛菜不是蛮好的吗，又好种又好吃，夏天到了，鸡毛菜落落洋山芋汤不要太好吃噢....！”

※王政——
“有形手，无形手，手拉手，向前走！”

“同志们！要致富，少生孩子多种树！”

“法人是什么人？单项选择：A，法国人 ，B，德国人， C，上中人， D，不是人”

“一个小姑娘在看报纸，在读红军叔叔的故事，结果一阵风吹过来，报纸非走了，报纸飞啊飞，小姑娘追啊追，报纸飞啊飞，小姑娘追啊追，飞啊飞，追啊追，飞啊飞，追啊追……”

“啊呀！国际部的女老师个个长的漂亮，艺术节上表演，像七仙女！”

“啊！我知道的！很多男生都喜欢玩电脑游戏的！啊——就就就就！！”（响声词）

“我上个礼拜和我爱人的太太去参加一个婚礼。” （断臂山么~）

“从前有个羊角兽买了台电脑！” ——“老师，是羊（杨）教授！”——“对的！羊角兽！”

※刘斐——
"汉字简化是屈从文盲的表现。"

"都什么时候了，有人还在写什么'非登高无以致远'，我看你是'非登高无以摔扁'！"

"苏洵带着儿子通过欧阳修去见皇上了，他们不高考了，直接走上自主招生的道路了。"

※张信荣——拍案叫绝的训斥

“知不知道我为什么这么久才改完作业啊，你们有本事啊，做十道，要错十一道，还有一道是订正里错的！”

接着把错的题花5分钟抄到黑板上，用一秒在上面划个夸张的叉，“这叫什么啊，驴粪！”

“你们现在学的不过是皮，皮上面的毛，毛上面的尖尖头，尖尖头还要再卡忒一点。”

“XXX，你看窗外干什么？！外面有白雪公主吗？？看我！！！”

“其实股票就是一个分段函数，我一直在研究一条可以算出最大利益的股票函数...”

“我画的圆，不用圆规都是最圆的！”

※陈绮－－

对家长，“高三压力很大，建议让他们回去看看樱桃小丸子。”

“周周爽的这个‘爽’字是很形象的——一个‘大’，四个‘叉’！”

※罗向东——

“我大学的时候就买苏联望远镜，因为我对面就是女生寝室。”

“大学的时候我喜欢荡秋千，重力势能转化为动能，动能转化为重力势能，好好玩啊！”

“我真搞不懂，为什么我教得那么努力了，还是有人考试在平均分以下！”

※况亦军——

“数学是个什么东西？？” ——“我说这是个感觉！”

“因式分解最难的是什么东西？？”——“我说是感觉！”

“大学老师来出高考试卷，我说你这个不能出的！这个学生不会做的！”

“说出来就是知识，不说出来就是意识！”

“现在外面的人批评学生乱套模式，我说这不对的啊！模式是对的！

“这道高考题目是我吃好中饭睡了一觉起来后想出来的！”

“我以前问一个大学教授，我问他这个‘降水概率’是个什么东西？他讲，这个你不用去弄的啊！你没学过！”

“这道题目是我吃早饭的时候胡乱想的！”

“我没备课，这是我随手胡乱搞的题目！”

“我今天在办公室讨论这道题目，别的老师用了很多种办法解决，我说‘不要吵了！你们这几个方法都不好！’”

※张梅娜——

“你在这儿就操练！”

“啊呀，你就操练去吧！”

“你就这成绩？你放水啊？高考你放谁的水啊？”

“啊呀，老师说你们07届那方面有问题，它确实就是有问题！”

“他就乱了……”

“再——没时间！” （再——***！）

“陈洁倩，马静，黄关福，张漫，仿真，优化，灿烂，十七年，模板，评估，外地卷。”

“只要鲁力（努力），操练，全鸡（级）高考都上一百四！再没悬念！你说类，高考有什么悬念？你不会的题他就不考，相信上中！”

※其他——

“完蛋者，使蛋完也！”

“这只狗害怕靠近这个熟睡的小孩，因为怕他咬。”

“由于人体体内是含有少量甲烷的，所以请同学们切勿对着明火……”

“这道题目啊？！背出来！”

“咱们绝对不允许——在教室里放奥特曼系列片！”

“两边平方——方个P啊！你脑子方的啊！”

“台湾的雨水是这样的——”（画一个椭圆）“为什么？因为水扁嘛！”

“牛顿这个人其实有点——（停顿）猥琐……”

一个数学教师的周末
7：00　起床，本来想搞搞头发的，但忽然想起昨天梦中的一道很有意义的选择题，于是我赶紧写下来放到正在出的野书里面去
7：30　 老婆催的急了赶在她发飙前去买小菜
8：30　买豆芽菜的时候那个小贩解一元一次方程4-X＝1解错了，我就告诉他：你和我女儿一样的，1+1会做的，2-1就不会了
10：00　洗好菜，我带女儿去动物园玩，看到一个很大的大象，女儿很激动，我就乘机问她：这个大象要是被他老婆打断了一条腿他还有几条腿。女儿不会做，她就数。通过这实验我就发现小朋友对穷举法的概念的是很好的，其实这是数学里一个很重要的思想
12：30　吃中饭的时候，我又想起来4月1号的作业漏了一道题，为了把那道题强行塞进去，我只好报废了四百张卷子，重新打印
1：30　我开始想怎么把这个礼拜的周周练出成史上最花妙的一次考试，让同学们好好欣赏欣赏数学
2：00　我把奥数的题目抄过来几道，然后我自己胡乱写了几道凑好了一张卷子
3：00　为了看看这次的难度我先自己作了一遍，没想到出的失误了，我作了一个小时只拿了四十分
4：00　重新出好了，换掉几个实在太经典的世界难题，再做一遍终于八十分了
5：00　烧好晚饭，想起来早上头还没梳，就拿手往头上胡乱抓了几把

上海中学校训：读书，明理，做人，成才

上海中学校歌：              龙门发轫进无疆，
                            一柱中流海上。
                            翘首太平洋， 
                            国族艰难，
                            舍我谁救亡？
                            抚松沪战创，
                            勘不平约章，
                            涌心头热血潮千丈。
                            何日国威扬，
                            主权张，
                            英才旺，
                            勿负甑陶教泽长。
                            勇往！
                            上中青年勇往！
                            重光！
                            炎黄神胄重光！

??? 这些可爱的文字虽然以前都知道，但是现在读来还是觉得很亲切，上中真好，就算离开了也能带着这样一份让人快乐的回忆，虽然在上中的三年曾经觉得这是一所多么变态的学校，回过头来看看，也就这样过来了。

      首先，需要在iGoogle添加日食倒计时gadget，中文版用户可以直接点击这里添加，如果你用英文版igoogle，可以手工添加gadget，url为：http://www.google.com/ig/modules/china/onlinevideo.xml

      这个gadget上面是日食倒计时，倒计时结束后，7月22日 7：30 开始，大家就可以通过这里收看日全食全过程的现场直播。下面是一些关于这次日食的介绍。gadget最下面的搜索更多/Search More链接指向了搜索日全食的结果，又是默认打开百宝箱+图文并茂，看来谷歌中国确实是在主推百宝箱业务。英文版gadget的链接也是一样的指向.cn，可能因为这次转播是谷歌中国独有的，所以这个gadget也是面向中国的用户。

点击gadget中的日食地图/Eclipse map可以进入host在appspot的2009日食地图 （访问困难的用户可以通过这个链接查看，建议大家访问本站的GOOGLE日全食地图），左侧边栏包括了日食的发生区域轨迹，和各个观测地点的信息等，如下图：

http://www.mifengtd.cn/articles/youve-got-to-find-what-you-love-english-cornor.html

This is the text of the Commencement address by Steve Jobs, CEO of Apple Computer and of Pixar Animation Studios, delivered on June 12, 2005.

I am honored to be with you today at your commencement from one of the finest universities in the world. I never graduated from college. Truth be told, this is the closest I’ve ever gotten to a college graduation. Today I want to tell you three stories from my life. That’s it. No big deal. Just three stories.

The first story is about connecting the dots.

I dropped out of Reed College after the first 6 months, but then stayed around as a drop-in for another 18 months or so before I really quit. So why did I drop out?

It started before I was born. My biological mother was a young, unwed college graduate student, and she decided to put me up for adoption. She felt very strongly that I should be adopted by college graduates, so everything was all set for me to be adopted at birth by a lawyer and his wife. Except that when I popped out they decided at the last minute that they really wanted a girl. So my parents, who were on a waiting list, got a call in the middle of the night asking: “We have an unexpected baby boy; do you want him?” They said: “Of course.” My biological mother later found out that my mother had never graduated from college and that my father had never graduated from high school. She refused to sign the final adoption papers. She only relented a few months later when my parents promised that I would someday go to college.

And 17 years later I did go to college. But I naively chose a college that was almost as expensive as Stanford, and all of my working-class parents’ savings were being spent on my college tuition. After six months, I couldn’t see the value in it. I had no idea what I wanted to do with my life and no idea how college was going to help me figure it out. And here I was spending all of the money my parents had saved their entire life. So I decided to drop out and trust that it would all work out OK. It was pretty scary at the time, but looking back it was one of the best decisions I ever made. The minute I dropped out I could stop taking the required classes that didn’t interest me, and begin dropping in on the ones that looked interesting.

It wasn’t all romantic. I didn’t have a dorm room, so I slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5¢ deposits to buy food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town every Sunday night to get one good meal a week at the Hare Krishna temple. I loved it. And much of what I stumbled into by following my curiosity and intuition turned out to be priceless later on. Let me give you one example:

Reed College at that time offered perhaps the best calligraphy instruction in the country. Throughout the campus every poster, every label on every drawer, was beautifully hand calligraphed. Because I had dropped out and didn’t have to take the normal classes, I decided to take a calligraphy class to learn how to do this. I learned about serif and san serif typefaces, about varying the amount of space between different letter combinations, about what makes great typography great. It was beautiful, historical, artistically subtle in a way that science can’t capture, and I found it fascinating.

None of this had even a hope of any practical application in my life. But ten years later, when we were designing the first Macintosh computer, it all came back to me. And we designed it all into the Mac. It was the first computer with beautiful typography. If I had never dropped in on that single course in college, the Mac would have never had multiple typefaces or proportionally spaced fonts. And since Windows just copied the Mac, its likely that no personal computer would have them. If I had never dropped out, I would have never dropped in on this calligraphy class, and personal computers might not have the wonderful typography that they do. Of course it was impossible to connect the dots looking forward when I was in college. But it was very, very clear looking backwards ten years later.

Again, you can’t connect the dots looking forward; you can only connect them looking backwards. So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future. You have to trust in something — your gut, destiny, life, karma, whatever. This approach has never let me down, and it has made all the difference in my life.

My second story is about love and loss.

I was lucky — I found what I loved to do early in life. Woz and I started Apple in my parents garage when I was 20. We worked hard, and in 10 years Apple had grown from just the two of us in a garage into a $2 billion company with over 4000 employees. We had just released our finest creation — the Macintosh — a year earlier, and I had just turned 30. And then I got fired. How can you get fired from a company you started? Well, as Apple grew we hired someone who I thought was very talented to run the company with me, and for the first year or so things went well. But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out. When we did, our Board of Directors sided with him. So at 30 I was out. And very publicly out. What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.

I really didn’t know what to do for a few months. I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me. I met with David Packard and Bob Noyce and tried to apologize for screwing up so badly. I was a very public failure, and I even thought about running away from the valley. But something slowly began to dawn on me — I still loved what I did. The turn of events at Apple had not changed that one bit. I had been rejected, but I was still in love. And so I decided to start over.

I didn’t see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me. The heaviness of being successful was replaced by the lightness of being a beginner again, less sure about everything. It freed me to enter one of the most creative periods of my life.

During the next five years, I started a company named NeXT, another company named Pixar, and fell in love with an amazing woman who would become my wife. Pixar went on to create the worlds first computer animated feature film, Toy Story, and is now the most successful animation studio in the world. In a remarkable turn of events, Apple bought NeXT, I returned to Apple, and the technology we developed at NeXT is at the heart of Apple’s current renaissance. And Laurene and I have a wonderful family together.

I’m pretty sure none of this would have happened if I hadn’t been fired from Apple. It was awful tasting medicine, but I guess the patient needed it. Sometimes life hits you in the head with a brick. Don’t lose faith. I’m convinced that the only thing that kept me going was that I loved what I did. You’ve got to find what you love. And that is as true for your work as it is for your lovers. Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do. If you haven’t found it yet, keep looking. Don’t settle. As with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it. And, like any great relationship, it just gets better and better as the years roll on. So keep looking until you find it. Don’t settle.

My third story is about death.

When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: “If you live each day as if it was your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.” It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33 years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself: “If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?” And whenever the answer has been “No” for too many days in a row, I know I need to change something.

Remembering that I’ll be dead soon is the most important tool I’ve ever encountered to help me make the big choices in life. Because almost everything — all external expectations, all pride, all fear of embarrassment or failure - these things just fall away in the face of death, leaving only what is truly important. Remembering that you are going to die is the best way I know to avoid the trap of thinking you have something to lose. You are already naked. There is no reason not to follow your heart.

About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. I had a scan at 7:30 in the morning, and it clearly showed a tumor on my pancreas. I didn’t even know what a pancreas was. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that is incurable, and that I should expect to live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is doctor’s code for prepare to die. It means to try to tell your kids everything you thought you’d have the next 10 years to tell them in just a few months. It means to make sure everything is buttoned up so that it will be as easy as possible for your family. It means to say your goodbyes.

I lived with that diagnosis all day. Later that evening I had a biopsy, where they stuck an endoscope down my throat, through my stomach and into my intestines, put a needle into my pancreas and got a few cells from the tumor. I was sedated, but my wife, who was there, told me that when they viewed the cells under a microscope the doctors started crying because it turned out to be a very rare form of pancreatic cancer that is curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I’m fine now.

This was the closest I’ve been to facing death, and I hope its the closest I get for a few more decades. Having lived through it, I can now say this to you with a bit more certainty than when death was a useful but purely intellectual concept:

No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don’t want to die to get there. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be, because Death is very likely the single best invention of Life. It is Life’s change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away. Sorry to be so dramatic, but it is quite true.

Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s life. Don’t be trapped by dogma — which is living with the results of other people’s thinking. Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most important, have the courage to follow your heart and intuition. They somehow already know what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.

When I was young, there was an amazing publication called The Whole Earth Catalog, which was one of the bibles of my generation. It was created by a fellow named Stewart Brand not far from here in Menlo Park, and he brought it to life with his poetic touch. This was in the late 1960’s, before personal computers and desktop publishing, so it was all made with typewriters, scissors, and polaroid cameras. It was sort of like Google in paperback form, 35 years before Google came along: it was idealistic, and overflowing with neat tools and great notions.

Stewart and his team put out several issues of The Whole Earth Catalog, and then when it had run its course, they put out a final issue. It was the mid-1970s, and I was your age. On the back cover of their final issue was a photograph of an early morning country road, the kind you might find yourself hitchhiking on if you were so adventurous. Beneath it were the words: “Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.” It was their farewell message as they signed off. Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish. And I have always wished that for myself. And now, as you graduate to begin anew, I wish that for you.

Stay Hungry. Stay Foolish.

Thank you all very much.

[原文翻译]

我今天很荣幸能和你们一起参加毕业典礼，斯坦福大学是世界上最好的大学之一。我从来没有从大学中毕业。说实话，今天也许是在我的生命中离大学毕业最近的一天了。今天我想向你们讲述我生活中的三个故事。不是什么大不了的事情，只是三个故事而已。

第一个故事是关于如何把生命中的点点滴滴串连起来。

我在里德学院读了六个月之后就退学了，但是在十八个月以后——我真正的作出退学决定之前，我还经常去学校。我为什么要退学呢？

故事从我出生的时候讲起。我的亲生母亲是一个年轻的，没有结婚的大学毕业生。她决定让别人收养我，她十分想让我被大学毕业生收养。但是我亲生母亲随后发现，我的养母从来没有上过大学，我的养父甚至从没有读过高中。她拒绝签这个收养合同。只是在几个月以后，我的养父母答应她一定要让我上大学，那个时候她才同意。

在十七岁那年，我愚蠢的选择了一所几乎和你们斯坦福大学一样贵的学校。我父母还处于蓝领阶层，他们几乎把所有积蓄都花在了我的学费上面。在六个月后，我已经看不到其中的价值所在。但是在这里，我几乎花光了我父母这一辈子的所有积蓄。所以我决定要退学。不能否认，我当时确实非常的害怕，但是现在回头看看，那的确是我这一生中最棒的一个决定。

但是这并不是那么罗曼蒂克。我失去了我的宿舍，所以我只能在朋友房间的地板上面睡觉，我去捡 5美分的可乐瓶子，仅仅为了填饱肚子，在星期天的晚上，我需要走七英里的路程，穿过这个城市，只是为了能吃上饭——这个星期唯一一顿好一点的饭。但是我喜欢这样。我跟着我的直觉和好奇心走，遇到的很多东西，此后被证明是无价之宝。让我给你们举一个例子吧：

里德学院在那时提供也许是全美最好的美术字课程。在这个大学里面的每个海报，每个抽屉的标签上面全都是漂亮的美术字。我决定去学学怎样写出漂亮的美术字。

当时看起来这些东西在我的生命中，好像都没有什么实际应用的可能。但是十年之后，当我们在设计第一台Macintosh电脑的时候，就不是那样了。我把当时我学的那些东西全都设计进了Mac。那是第一台使用了漂亮的印刷字体的电脑。如果我当时没有退学，就不会有机会去参加这个我感兴趣的美术字课程，Mac就不会有这么多丰富的字体，以及赏心悦目的字体间距。那么现在个人电脑就不会有现在这么美妙的字型了。当然我在大学的时候，还不可能把从前的点点滴滴串连起来，但是当我十年后回顾这一切的时候，真的豁然开朗了。

你在向前展望的时候不可能将这些片断串连起来；你只能在回顾的时候将点点滴滴串连起来。所以你必须相信这些片断会在你未来的某一天串连起来。你必须要相信某些东西：你的勇气、目的、生命、因缘。这个过程从来没有令我失望，只是让我的生命更加地与众不同而已。

我的第二个故事是关于爱和损失的。

我非常幸运，因为我在很早的时候就找到了我钟爱的东西。斯蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克和我在二十岁的时候就在父母的车库里面开创了苹果公司。十年之后，这个公司从那两个车库中的穷光蛋发展到了超过四千名的雇员、价值超过二十亿的大公司。在公司成立的第九年，我们刚刚发布了最好的产品，那就是Macintosh。我也快要到三十岁了。在那一年，我被炒了鱿鱼。你怎么可能被你自己创立的公司炒了鱿鱼呢？嗯，在苹果快速成长的时候，我们雇用了一个很有天分的家伙和我一起管理这个公司，在最初的几年，公司运转的很好。但是后来我们对未来的看法发生了分歧。当争吵不可开交的时候，董事会站在了他的那一边。所以在三十岁的时候，我被炒了。在而立之年，我生命的全部支柱离自己远去。

在最初的几个月里，我真是不知道该做些什么。我把从前的创业激情给丢了，我觉得自己让与我一同创业的人都很沮丧。但是我渐渐发现了曙光，我仍然喜爱我从事的这些东西。苹果公司发生的这些事情丝毫的没有改变这些。我被驱逐了，但是我仍然钟爱它。所以我决定从头再来。

我当时没有觉察，但事后证明，从苹果公司被炒是我这辈子发生的最棒的事情。因为，作为一个成功者的极乐感觉被作为一个创业者的轻松感觉所重新代替：对任何事情都不那么特别看重。这让我觉得如此自由，进入了我生命中最有创造力的一个阶段。

在接下来的五年里，我创立了一个名叫NeXT的公司，还有一个叫Pixar的公司，然后和一个后来成为我妻子的优雅女人相识。Pixar现在是世界上最成功的电脑制作工作室。在后来的一系列运转中，苹果收购了NeXT，我又回到了苹果公司。我们在NeXT发展的技术在苹果的复兴之中发挥了关键的作用。我还和Laurence一起建立了一个幸福的家庭。

我可以非常肯定，如果我不被苹果开除的话，这其中一件事情也不会发生的。这个良药的味道实在是太苦了，但是我想病人需要这个药。有些时候，生活会拿起一块砖头向你的脑袋上猛拍一下。不要失去信心。我很清楚唯一使我一直走下去的，就是我做的事情令我无比钟爱。你需要去找到你所爱的东西。对于工作是如此，对于你的爱人也是如此。你的工作将会占据生活中很大的一部分。你只有相信自己所做的是伟大的工作，你才能怡然自得。如果你现在还没有找到，那么继续找、不要停下来、全心全意的去找，当你找到的时候你就会知道的。就像任何真诚的关系，随着岁月的流逝只会越来越紧密。所以继续找，直到你找到它，不要停下来！

我的第三个故事是关于死亡的。

当我十七岁的时候, 我读到了一句话:“如果你把每一天都当作生命中最后一天去生活的话,那么有一天你会发现自己是正确的。”这句话给我留下了深刻的印象。从那时开始,过了 33年,我在每天早晨都会对着镜子问自己:“如果今天是我生命中的最后一天, 你会不会完成你今天想做的事情呢？”当答案连续很多次被给予“不是”的时候, 我知道自己需要改变某些事情了。

“记住你即将死去”是我一生中遇到的最重要箴言。它帮我指明了生命中重要的选择。因为几乎所有的事情, 包括所有的荣誉、所有的骄傲、所有对难堪和失败的恐惧,这些在死亡面前都会消失。我看到的是留下的真正重要的东西。

你有时候会思考你将会失去某些东西，“记住你即将死去”是我知道的避免这些想法的最好办法。你已经赤身裸体了，你没有理由不去跟随自己的心一起跳动。

大概一年以前，我的一次体检结果清楚的显示在我的胰腺有一个肿瘤。医生告诉我那很可能是一种无法治愈的癌症，我还有三到六个月的时间活在这个世界上。我的医生叫我回家，然后整理好我的一切，那就是医生准备死亡的程序。那意味着你将要把未来十年对你小孩说的话在几个月里面说完；那意味着把每件事情都搞定， 让你的家人会尽可能轻松的生活；那意味着你要说“再见了”。

我整天和那个诊断书一起生活。后来有一天早上医生将一个内窥镜从我的喉咙伸进去，通过我的胃，然后进入我的肠子，用一根针在我的胰腺上的肿瘤上取了几个细胞。我当时很镇静，因为我被注射了镇定剂。但是我的妻子在那里，后来告诉我，当医生在显微镜地下观察这些细胞的时候他们开始尖叫，因为这些细胞最后竟然是一种非常罕见的、可以用手术治愈的胰腺癌细胞。我做了这个手术，现在我痊愈了。

那是我最接近死亡的时候，我还希望这也是以后的几十年最接近的一次。从死亡线上又活了过来，死亡对我来说，只是一个有用但是纯粹是知识上的概念的时候，我可以更肯定一点地对你们说：

没有人愿意死，即使人们想上天堂，人们也不会为了去那里而死。但是死亡是我们每个人共同的终点。从来没有人能够逃脱它，也应该如此。因为死亡就是生命中最好的一个发明。它将旧的清除以便给新的让路。你们现在是新的，但是从现在开始不久以后，你们将会逐渐的变成旧的然后被清除。我很抱歉这很具有戏剧性，但是这十分的真实。

你们的时间很有限，所以不要将他们浪费在重复其他人的生活上。不要被教条束缚，那意味着你和其他人思考的结果一起生活。不要被其他人喧嚣的观点掩盖你真正的内心的声音。还有最重要的是，你要有勇气去听从你直觉和心灵的指示——它们在某种程度上知道你想要成为什么样子，所有其他的事情都是次要的。

当我年轻的时候，有一本叫做“整个地球的目录”振聋发聩的杂志，它是我们那一代人的圣经之一。它是一个叫Stewart Brand的家伙神奇地将这本书带到了这个世界。那是六十年代后期，所以这本书全部是用打字机、剪刀还有偏光镜制作的。

Stewart和他的伙伴出版了几期的“整个地球的目录”，当它完成了自己使命的时候，他们做出了最后一期的目录。那是在七十年代的中期，你们的时代。在最后一期的封底上是清晨乡村公路的照片（如果你有冒险精神的话，你可以自己找到这条路的），在照片之下有这样一段话：“保持饥饿，保持愚蠢。”这是他们停止了发刊的告别语。“保持饥饿，保持愚蠢。”我总是希望自己能够那样，现在，在你们即将毕业，开始新的旅程的时候， 我也希望你们能做到这样：保持饥饿，保持愚蠢。

Quote

对Research的新思考

在MSR已经工作三个星期了，这几个星期过得很充实。除了一些细节还有待推敲之外，整个framework的formulation已经基本成形。

让理论在解决实际问题的挑战中展现风华

在这里，我接触到是一种和在MIT时很不一样的研究方式，这让我对research有了新的思考。在学校的时候，理论上的思考是占据主导地位的，我和我的advisors更关注对于理论的发展，而对于如何把新的理论工作应用在实际问题中，虽然也有一些大体的想法，但是，往往是比较模糊的。而在微软，虽然研究院的研究和产品部门相对独立，但是，大部门的研究还是以应用为基本出发点的。在这里，大家往往首先考虑要提出一个什么样的新应用，而理论和数学工具的选择则处于从属地位。其实，这种应用导向的研究思路，我在五年前在MSRA工作时已经经历过了，不过在学校注重理论氛围中，已经有所淡忘了。

其实这两种思路并没有属优属劣之分，它们各自对于领域的发展都是有着不可替代的作用的。虽然我个人的研究风格更倾向于理论，但是，这几个星期和这里的研究者讨论的时候，也越来越觉得，在研究过程中贯彻对于应用的思考也是同样重要的。首先，计算机视觉本身是一门应用科学，各种理论存在的价值最首要是体现在它解决实际问题的能力上，而并不是理论本身是不是好看。很多朋友都有理论审美情结，喜欢欣赏高深漂亮的数学演绎，并或多或少地以此为标准评价一件工作。我也有着这样的审美情结，直到今天还一直坚持为建立更好的理论而努力。不过，我越来越认为，

真的要实现一套新理论或者一个新模型的价值，除了要赋予她深厚的内涵，更需要在应用领域中为她寻找一个让她充分展现风华的舞台。

在构建理论模型的过程中，为了导出符合某种要求的结果（比如要求objective function是convex之类，或者能得到某种漂亮的闭合解），往往需要做出各种或明或暗的假设。而很多这样的假设，会导致模型在一定程度上偏离真实问题。在理论和实际中做出某种折衷，有时是不可避免的。如果缺乏对实际问题的关怀，那么人们很可能在审美情结的驱动下在偏离实际的道路上越走越远，失去应有的平衡。然而，

理论只有离开充满假设的温室的呵护，到实际问题的世界中接受考验，才能真正地成长。

我们向资深的学者学到的最有用的东西，并不是某种具体的数学方法，而是在面临这些问题时，如何从更高的层次去预见各种不同的选择的利与弊，以及如何综合考虑各种因素后做出一个明智的决定。虽然，我们在一开始设计一种理论模型的时候，往往会从简单假设出发，以后在把它应用到更复杂的问题时进行扩展。一套有生命力的理论，往往有着一种灵活而健壮的内在机制，使得它们的应用范围能很方便地在实践中不断拓展；而相反，一套设计不良的理论，即使在开始很漂亮，在扩展的过程，需要加装各种不伦不类的补丁而愈发变得丑陋，很快就不堪重负而走到其生命的尽头。

虽然这里我强调对应用的思考的重要性，但是，我并不因此认为数学在计算机视觉的研究中就不再重要了——在微软的经验并没有让我放弃在理论上的追求。而是让我在纯理论道路越走越远的过程中重新认识到应用思考对于理论研究的意义，并且开始认真思考如何让自己的理论工作在解决新的实际问题的过程中发挥作用的问题。

 

从不同的研究风格中学习

这几年，我有幸到不同的地方进行研究，接触不同的研究风格。对比现在和三年前的自己，我觉得，一个很大的变化，就是学会了尊重不同的研究风格。以前，出于对漂亮而严格理论的偏好，对各种在实用系统中使用的工程方法不屑一顾，认为没有“学术价值”。之前一些理论工作，在和别人讨论，或者在paper review中受到质疑，往往自然生出对质疑者的反感，必欲强烈反驳而后快。在经历很多经验教训之后，才慢慢认识到，尊重质疑自己工作的意见是获得进步的开始。

自己付出很大努力做出的一项工作，当然希望得到大家的好评。但是，自己的思考往往受背景所限其实是不全面的，质疑者的看法也许也同样是不全面的。但是，他们可能是从另外一个角度来思考，发现这个工作的不足。如果能认真思考他们的（哪怕是有偏颇）的意见，就能使这个工作变得不断完善。有时候，质疑的原因是因为理解错误了，我觉得，研究者这个时候首先应该考虑的不是质疑的人是否理解能力不够，而是自己的表达是不是不够好，可能容易引起别人的误解。对于，别人的意见虽然不需要全盘采纳，但是在对每一种不同的意见都进行认真的反思，则是很有价值的。

不同风格的研究者，在评价一项工作时的价值取向时往往就存在根本分歧。一种常见的情况是，研究者对某个传统的问题提出了一种很新的理论模型。这样的工作在一个应用背景很强的人看来，可能只是很小的贡献，因为它并没有解决新的问题，而理论的新旧只是一些细节的变化（在我接触的一部分做应用系统的研究者眼中——理论部分只算是一种detail）。这样的评价也许有失偏颇，但是并非全无道理——在一个已有模型已经能解决的问题上，为什么要再换一套理论呢——用汤老师的话说：

“用英语说过的话，就不必用拉丁语再说一遍了”

如果评价者存在这样的印象，就可能表明这项工作存在一个重要的不足：没有搞清楚究竟解决了什么新问题——而这恰恰是一项理论的价值的根本所在。虽然不是每篇文章都能开辟一个新的topic，但是即使是做传统topic的文章也应该要解决这个topic已有方法解决不好的问题。究竟一项工作解决了什么问题，研究者有责任旗帜鲜明地指出来，并且用令人信服的实验来证明。而空洞的claim或者让人云遮雾罩的理论演绎并不能有效地彰显这一点。

在MSR工作这些天来，一些和我合作的研究员的研究风格有很大差别。我开始提出一个framework自我感觉良好，但是在和他们的讨论中，我发现它还存在各种不足，而在不断吸收他们有价值的意见的过程中，这个架构变得更加严谨和符合问题的真实情况。并且这种交流的过程促使我对research的方式进行了新的思考，这也是我这次Intern的一个重要的收获。

突然间很嘴馋想吃生煎馒头，于是就决定自己动手做。因为从来没有做包子的经验，特别是从未发过面，所以我在网上找了n多家的攻略，尤为关注如何发面的帖子。然后取各家之所长，一一归并到一起，整理出了我的制作步骤。

第二天放学后，我就直奔超市Aldi买回了所需的材料：1000g白面粉、42g新鲜酵母(Hefe)、泡打粉(Backpulver)以及500g肉糜。回了家，匆匆吃过午饭，就开始忙活了。

**其实我不是太明白为什么要同时用酵母和泡打粉2种发酵制剂。而我找的4篇攻略里却都提到了要同时用这2样，所以我也就全买了。不过我泡打粉的用量还是很少的，估计小勺一平勺的量也没用到。发出来的面也不错，也没有僵掉。
下次如果再做，估计我就只适用其中的一种了。

第一步，发面：

1. 约20g的活酵母（类似黄油，块状的，国内是干酵母，粉状的）、一小勺黄油（攻略用猪油，我家没有，就用黄油代替了）、1小勺白糖和约小碗1碗温水（水里面掺了点牛奶，攻略讲用掺了牛奶和猪油的水合面，面的色泽和口感更好）搅拌均匀后慢慢倒入约500g的面粉中；

2. 一开始的时候一边慢慢加水，一边用筷子搅拌，感觉有点黏稠后，就可以用手反复揉了，根据面团干湿度适当的再慢慢添水。直至揉到面团不沾手，即“面光、盆光、手光”（攻略里的词）就好了；

3. 然后盖上湿布醒面，或者保鲜膜，目的是不跟空气接触以及不让表皮风干；

4. 根据气温大约一到二小时，面就发了。发好的面会比刚才的大 大概3～4陪。而且发好的面手感超级超级好，扒开面团，里面的结构就跟松软的蛋糕一样，有很多小气孔；

5。在发好的面团上撒上泡打粉，用量基本是均匀撒满面团就可以，揉均匀用布蒙好，此时面就准备好了。发好的面加泡打粉就怎么摆弄都不会塌了。（某一攻略的原话复制）。

查看整个相册

**为了更好的隔绝空气，我是即蒙了布又加了盖。攻略讲夏天发面1个多小时，可德国这几天气温异常的底，都6月初了，最高温才12多度。所以我把整个锅包着浴巾一起放进了被窝，2个小时后，就看到了这团白白胖胖，手感超好的“蛋糕”了。不过，这里我犯了个小错，用弄湿了的厨房用纸代替了湿布或者保鲜膜，导致最后取下厨房用纸时，浪费了一小团面团。

第二步，做肉馅

肉馅是生煎是否好吃正宗的关键问题，可是我这儿实在是缺材料啊。一是没有汤汁的主要来源—肉片冻（事后我有想到，肉皮冻自己也可以做的，这儿先买个关子哈）；二是德国的肉糜都太精（瘦）了，达不到30%肥肉的标准。

于是我只有通过加更多的水、橄榄油、2个XL的Bio鸡蛋来弥补，希望可以到达流汁的效果。可是事后证明水加的似乎还是太少，只有一点点极其可怜的汁水，只达到肉包汤汁的效果。所以说，下次再做，我一定得事前做好肉皮冻。

1. 肉馅：约250～300g肉糜、加上葱姜末、黄酒、盐、少量生抽、少许糖（因为不喜欢用味精，所以用糖来调味）、麻油、橄榄油、2个超大的生物鸡蛋调制好。然后放入冰箱冰了2个小时，一是等面粉发酵，二是为了让肉糜更好的入味。

**其实当时我是把500g的肉糜都给用上了，但等所有面皮都用完后，还多了近一半的肉糜，所以根据我这次的经验得出：1份肉糜配2份面粉。

第三步，擀面皮+包包子

这次的面皮真的是做的很成功的，而且我们没有擀面杖，LG是有玻璃杯擀的。虽说他有很多北方朋友，也一直动手包饺子啦元宵之类的，但是亲自动手擀面这还是头一次。按照攻略，好包子皮必须是四边薄中间厚。所以除了第一二个稍显逊色外，后面的个个合标准，而且是一个比一个好，皮子越擀越薄，也越擀越大。让我也做得越来越得心应手。

1. 擀面皮：刚才发好的面，倒在面板上，揉一揉，揉成长条状，切成大小均匀的小块，然后擀成大皮子，皮子要中间厚，周围薄。（直接来源于攻略）

2. 包包子:这个攻略上没有，大致就是像折蝴蝶边那样，逆时针方向一点一点折起来，到最后那一折把所以的折边都捏在一起，再顺势往逆时针方向转一下（个人觉得这个动作可以让包子的模样看起来更像模像样）。

其实我也是第一次“折”包子，以前在等小杨生煎出锅的时候，没事常看她们怎么包包子来着，所以这次也就依葫芦画瓢，仿效着做，结果效果还不错，除了第一个没收起口来，肉馅露出来了之外，之后都还可以。

查看整个相册

**由于肉馅太多，所以LG把皮是擀的越来越大，不过这也让我发觉到包子皮除了要四边薄中间厚外，整个皮子擀的越薄越大对于我这个非专业人士来说，也越好包，肉馅也可以放更多。

第三步，煎包子

因为有过煎生馄饨的经验，所以生煎包子这步对我来说也就不难了。关键是要加水。

1. 包好的包子醒10-20分钟；

2. 平底锅中加少许油，我是先用6档（大火）把油烧热到7～8成热后把包子放在平底锅里，先煎个1～2分钟，目的是形成生煎的硬底；

3. 从锅4个边沿分别慢慢倒入面粉水（为了使包子的底部有一层酥脆的表皮，而且在盛起时，不宜把包子底弄破），水加到包子的2/5处，盖上锅盖，火转到2或3档（小火）即可；

4.直至煎到面粉水烧干，包子底的脆皮形成，就可以出锅了，出锅前可以撒上葱花和芝麻粒。这个过程一般10～15分钟左右，根据包子的数量而定。

**刚做好5~6个，我们就迫不及待的试煎起来了，一是为了尝尝肉馅的味道是否太淡，二是看看包子皮是否合格。呵呵，监测结果还是很令我们满意的。除了不流汁，皮子稍显厚些外。终于让我尝到了嘴馋了许久的生煎包子，toll!

**家里没有现成的新鲜小葱和芝麻（我家的葱啊姜啊都是被我冰冻在冷柜里的，不便于撒），所以我撒了些Basilikum，嗯～味道不错。

The Top Ten Algorithms of the Century

Jack Dongarra and Francis Sullivan published a list of "The Top Ten Algorithms of the Century." Their list included:

1. the Monte Carlo method or Metropolis algorithm, devised by John von Neumann, Stanislaw Ulam, and Nicholas Metropolis;
2. the simplex method of linear programming, developed by George Dantzig;
3. the Krylov Subspace Iteration method, developed by Magnus Hestenes, Eduard Stiefel, and Cornelius Lanczos;
4. the Householder matrix decomposition, developed by Alston Householder;
5. the Fortran compiler, developed by a team lead by John Backus;
6. the QR algorithm for eigenvalue calculation, developed by J Francis;
7. the Quicksort algorithm, developed by Anthony Hoare;
8. the Fast Fourier Transform, developed by James Cooley and John Tukey;
9. the Integer Relation Detection Algorithm, developed by Helaman Ferguson and Rodney Forcade; (given N real values X_I, is there a nontrivial set of integer coefficients A_I so that sum ( 1 <= I <= N ) A_I * X_I = 0?
10. the fast Multipole algorithm, developed by Leslie Greengard and Vladimir Rokhlin; (to calculate gravitational forces in an N-body problem normally requires N^2 calculations. The fast multipole method uses order N calculations, by approximating the effects of groups of distant particles using multipole expansions)

Reference 1:

Dongarra and Sullivan,
Top Ten Algorithms of the Century,
Computing in Science and Engineering,
January/February 2000.

Reference 2:

Barry Cipra,
The Best of the 20th Century: Editors Name Top 10 Algorithms
SIAM News,
Volume 33, Number 4, May 2000, page 1.

• 第一站:   2009-4-10  Budapest,Hungary  匈牙利首都 布达.佩斯,

布达佩斯其实是有 布达城 和 佩斯城 两个城所组成的。以前平民们居住在佩斯城，而贵族们则住在多瑙河另一边的布达城内。

在布达皇宫城堡上 美丽的多瑙河畔风光镜览无遗。

更多图片 mehr Bilder :-)

• 第二站:   2009-4-11  Bratislava,Slovakia  斯洛伐克首都 不拉提斯拉瓦,

更多图片 mehr Bilder :-)

• 第三站:   2009-4-12 Prague,Czech 捷克首都 布拉格,    值得再去一次的地方

更多图片 mehr Bilder :-)

• 最后一站:   2009-4-13 Karlovy Vary,Czech 捷克温泉小镇,

这里的温泉都是用来喝的，而且都是药泉，当地还有专门的诊所为病人开治饮用不同的泉水来治病。

更多图片 mehr Bilder :-)

如果你是在尝试寻找一些不错的网上课程的话，那么这篇文章可能会对你有些帮助。

• 麻省理工学院

麻省的网上学院涵盖的范围非常之广，总计有超过1800门的免费课程，所有的课程都是以多媒体的形式呈现的。当然了，如果你对某些课程的资料感兴趣，你也会找到想要的文本资料，更惊喜的是相当一部分文本资料是以多语言形式提供的，语言在这里并不是问题。

• 公开学院

公开学院是英国最大的学术机构，每一个注册的学生都能在里面找到自己想要的资料，无论是历史还是艺术，或者教育和信息技术。

• 卡耐基大学

卡耐基学院通过一个名为“开放学习原动力”的计划为所有感兴趣的学生提供详尽的课程介绍和资料共享，不仅如此，卡耐基学院还设有专门的指导人员为学生提供在线的答疑解惑。

• 图夫大学

和麻省有相似之处，图夫也是对所有人开放并且提供各专业的学习资料，课堂笔记，作业展示等等，所有的资料都是按学院划分，这样在搜索的时候会很方便。

• 斯坦福大学

作为全球最强的大学之一，斯坦福选择了和业界巨头苹果合作，这样所有在斯坦福网络得到的资料都可以直接传入iPod和Mac播放，用户更是可以在自己的iTunes中为斯坦福专门建立一个分类。

• 加州大学伯克利分校

伯克利在网络教学方面起步较早了，2001年开始他们就将很多课程的教学资料，课堂笔记等内容同步地放到了网络上，如今在伯克利的网络教学中心，更是可以轻而易举地找到上百种课程的资料，基本涵盖了所有的专业和课程。

• 犹他大学

犹他大学将几乎所有的课程资料都放在了网上，而且提供即时的资料下载。

• 宾夕法尼亚科茨城大学

科茨城的小型商务发展中心是互联网上资料最全面的小型商务资料库，涵盖了概念内的所有方面，并且提供文本，幻灯片，图片和视频等多种形式的展示手段，对于一些不熟悉小型商务的人来说是很有帮助的。

• 南昆士兰大学

绝大部分的课程资料都可以在网上获得，而且南昆大还提供在线的即时咨询。

• 加州大学埃尔文分校

埃尔文是近期才加入加州大网络学校的，所以暂时只能提供部分的专业课程和资料下载，不过鉴于加州大的雄厚实力，埃尔文的发展前景和增长速度会很快弥补缺陷的。

原文：Universities With the Best Free Online Courses

译者：铁灰色

来自Yurko Gutsulyak的设计，火柴日历。每天都是一根火柴，回到家你可以点燃当天用来点根烟或者蜡烛，静静的想一想这一天的经历，随着火光慢慢消失迎接将来到的明天。

整个日历宽9.8英寸，高5英寸，底座用来擦燃火擦。